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An increasing number of studies on artificial intelligence (AI) are published in the dental and oral sciences but aspects of these studies suffer from a range of limitations. Standards towards reporting, like the recently published CONSORT-AI extension, can help to improve studies in this emerging field. Watch authors discuss the Journal of Dental Research (JDR) article 'Better Reporting of Studies on Artificial Intelligence: CONSORT-AI and Beyond.'

A team of scientists has developed a new model for simulating both iceberg calving and the tsunamis that are triggered as a result. Their method can help improve hazard assessment in coastal areas and refine the empirical calving models used to evaluate rising sea levels.

Research collaborators from the VA, Boston University, and the Concussion Legacy Foundation (CLF) published an inspiring new report today, '1,000 Reasons for Hope,' which exclusively details the first 1,000 brain donors studied at the VA-BU-CLF Brain Bank since 2008 and how they have advanced research on concussions and CTE.

Several studies have associated blood lipids with different types of cancer like that of the food pipe or 'esophagus,' but much remains to be understood, to apply this knowledge clinically. A group of Chinese scientists has successfully advanced this line of research, by identifying the role of family history in modifying the association between blood lipids and risk of developing esophageal malignant lesions, according to a new study published in Chinese Medical Journal.

Biologists at the Universities of Bath in the UK and Vienna in Austria have discovered 71 new 'imprinted' genes in the mouse genome, a finding that takes them a step closer to unravelling some of the mysteries of epigenetics - an area of science that describes how genes are switched on (and off) in different cells, at different stages in development and adulthood.

Researchers at Tampere University and their collaborators have shown how spectroscopic measurements can be made much faster. By correlating polarization to the color of a pulsed laser, the team can track changes in the spectrum of the light by simple and extremely fast polarization measurements. The method opens new possibilities to measure spectral changes on a nanosecond time scale over the entire color spectrum of light.

In a new publication from Opto-Electronic Advances, researchers led by Professor Junsuk Rho from Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), South Korea consider switchable diurnal radiative cooling by doped VO2.

This model addresses the fact that most traditional climate models effectively ignore cities entirely, causing them to underestimate the frequency and severity of urban heat waves. Urban areas make up only 2-3% of the earth's land, so their effect on global models is negligible, but more than half of the world's population lives in urban areas, so their impact is significant.

RedHill Biopharma Ltd. (Nasdaq: RDHL), a specialty biopharmaceutical company, today announced presentation of the positive Phase 2 safety and efficacy data for oral opaganib (Yeliva®, ABC294640) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at the World Microbe Forum (WMF) 2021 (poster #: 5574).

Depression in youth, between the ages of 10 and 24 years, is both a leading cause of stress and a possible risk factor for future diseases and impairment. Now, a study in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JAACAP) confirms that depression in childhood or adolescence is associated with higher levels of adult anxiety and substance use disorders, worse health and social functioning, less financial and educational achievement, and increased criminality.

Life expectancy in primate populations is determined by the survival rate of the younger ones.

Acrylamide, which is extensively used in industries, causes peripheral neuropathy or encephalopathy. Now, scientists from Japan examined the response against oxidative stress in acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity and found that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of the immune system and response to oxidative stress, was at the center of this toxicity. They found that Nrf2 plays a protective role by increasing the expression of protective genes and decreasing that of pro-inflammatory genes.

Helsinki University research group used live tissue imaging for the first time to visualise the emergence of the mammary gland.

Researchers found a portion of the extracellular messenger RNA (mRNA) are taken up by natural killer cells (NK cells) expressing the mRNA receptor protein and has a function in the cell.

Led by Dr. Bassam Janji, from the Luxembourg Institute of Health, the team used gene editing technologies to show how targeting HIF-1α could not only inhibit tumor growth, but also drive cytotoxic immune cells to the cancer tissue. This discovery provided a valuable new target to make resistant melanomas more vulnerable to available anti-cancer treatments. Their findings were recently published in the reputable Oncogene journal.

Summer holiday school catch-up programs to address gaps in knowledge after school closures need to support children who are still struggling due to social isolation.

When viruses infect cells, changes in the cell nucleus occur, and these can be observed through fluorescence microscopy. Using fluorescence images from live cells, researchers at the University of Zurich have trained an artificial neural network to reliably recognize cells that are infected by adenoviruses or herpes viruses. The procedure also identifies severe acute infections at an early stage.

A blood test that can detect tiny amounts of circulating cancer DNA may be able to identify risk of cancer recurrence and guide precision treatment in bladder cancer following surgery, according to a clinical study led by Professor Tom Powles from Queen Mary University of London and Barts Health NHS Trust.

Researchers from the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the University of Bonn have examined the way in which SARS-CoV-2 reprograms the metabolism of the host cell in order to gain an overall advantage. According to their report in Nature Communications, the researchers were able to identify four substances which inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in the host cell.

In joint research, POSTECH professor Inhwan Hwang develops a new avian influenza vaccine using plant-based recombinant protein.