Feed aggregator

If the agricultural sector fails to adapt better to climate change, food production is set to fall - 10% by mid-century and 25% by 2100 - affecting the supply of a growing world population. Adaptation strategies exist and are available, but they need to be applied: the study by an international team of researchers from Boston University, Ca' Foscari University of Venice and the CMCC Foundation - Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change.

On average the earliest memories that people can recall point back to when they were just two-and-a-half years old, a new study suggests.

Not only the 11-year cycle, but also all other periodic solar activity fluctuations can be clocked by planetary attractive forces, a conclusion drawn by Dr. Frank Stefani and colleagues at HZDR and the Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics in Perm, Russia. With new model calculations, they are proposing a comprehensive explanation of known sun cycles for the first time. They also reveal the longest fluctuations in activity over thousands of years as a chaotic process.

Researchers at Tohoku University have demonstrated the designability of novel magnets with magic mirror-like characteristics in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP)-type compounds.

With Oskar Aszmann and his team, MedUni Vienna has long been regarded as a world leader in bionic limb reconstruction. It was only last year that the world's first fully integrated bionic arm prosthesis was developed at MedUni Vienna. This is ready-to-use and is described as 'Plug and Play,' The technique has now been used for the very first time in a bearded vulture -- the creature was given a new foot.

In addition to plaques that accumulate outside of nerve cells in the brain, Alzheimer's disease is also characterised by changes inside these cells. Researchers from the Cell Signalling research group at the Chair of Molecular Biochemistry at RUB, headed by Dr. Thorsten Müller, have been studying what exactly happens in these cells. They determined that various proteins and protein components accumulate in the cells, which also affect their functions.

Neurons, nerve cells in the brain, are central players in brain function. However, a key role for glia, long considered support cells, is emerging. A research group at the University of Basel has now discovered two new types of glial cells in the brain, by unleashing adult stem cells from their quiescent state. These new types of glia may play an important role in brain plasticity and repair.

Meteorologists develop a new method to facilitate climate model evaluation and models inter-comparison.

The prevalence of genetic mutations associated with breast cancer in black and white women is the same.

A special issue of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences summarizes current work on atmospheric oxidation capacity and advocates further investigations.

Advertising provides firm-specific information to investors in financial markets, which can help insulate a company from negative incidents happening to other firms in the same industry.

The interactions between light and sound waves in optical media draw much attention in fundamental research and technological applications. In particular, acoustic waves can remove optical reciprocity: optical waves launched in opposite directions can be made to propagate in different manners. A research team from Bar-Ilan University, Israel, demonstrated such behavior for the first time in optical fibers that are widely available and employed. The results can form the basis for new sensor concepts.

New paper provides framework for how scientists can leverage community-generated data to monitor global biodiversity change and realize the full potential of community science

An advanced artificial intelligence technique known as deep learning can predict major adverse cardiac events more accurately than current standard imaging protocols, according to research presented at the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2021 Annual Meeting. Utilizing data from a registry of more than 20,000 patients, researchers developed a novel deep learning network that has the potential to provide patients with an individualized prediction of their annualized risk for adverse events.

In future, it will be increasingly important to be able to predict the yields of individual varieties of cereals such as wheat as accurately as possible in a given environment. An international research team led by the IPK Leibniz Institute has compiled, processed and analyzed extensive data sets for this purpose. Ultimately, Big Data was able to double the prediction accuracy for yield.

Scientists found that the ability to fly is embedded in birds' spinal cords. The team closely examined the neural networks of chicken and mice embryos and discovered that the genetic coding of the ephrin-B3 molecule in birds is fundamentally different than those of mammals and reptiles.

Lab animals deficient in vitamin D crave and become dependent on opioids, which is curbed when normal levels of the vitamin are restored. Human health records indicate that people with low vitamin D are more likely to use and misuse opioids. Study results suggest a potential role for vitamin D supplementation in fighting opioid addiction.

In a discovery that challenges long-held dogma in biology, researchers show that mammalian cells can convert RNA sequences back into DNA, a feat more common in viruses than eukaryotic cells.

Pine Island Glacier's ice shelf lost about one-fifth of its total area between 2017 and 2020, in three dramatic collapses. Meanwhile the glacier sped up by 12%. The rest of the ice shelf, the authors say, could disappear much sooner than previous studies had suggested.

What The Study Did: Editorial team composition by gender, race, ethnicity and sexual orientation was assessed at 25 leading medical and scientific journals in this survey study.