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New method for uninterrupted monitoring of solid-state milling reactions
Researchers from the Croatian Ruđer Boković Institute (RBI) described a new, easy-to-use method for uninterrupted monitoring of mechanochemical reactions. These reactions are conducted in closed milling devices, so in order to monitor the reaction one has to open the reaction vessel, thus interfering with the process. The new method uses Raman spectroscopy to get deeper insight into solid-state milling reactions, without the usual interruption of the chemical reaction process.
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Millions of dollars saved when scheduled travel providers adapt to on-demand scheduling
Uber and Lyft are popular on-demand ways to travel, but does that mean trains and buses are a thing of the past? Travelers prefer different modes of transportation at different times. So how can all these modes co-exist and do so successfully? New research in the INFORMS Journal Transportation Science has created a model and an algorithm to redistribute transit resources based on commuter preferences resulting in millions in savings.
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A machine learning breakthrough: using satellite images to improve human lives
New machine learning technology, developed by a multi-disciplinary team based at University of California, Berkeley, has devised a machine learning system to tap the problem-solving potential of satellite imaging. The low-cost, easy-to-use technology could bring satellite image access and analytical power to researchers and governments worldwide.
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Strong signals
University of Tsukuba scientists employed a mathematical model to simulate the differentiation of epithelial cells based on signaling molecules from the liver's portal vein. This work may lead to new tools to better understand the very complicated signaling pathways involved in cell differentiation.
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Removal of barred owls slows decline of iconic spotted owls in Pacific Northwest, study finds
A 17-year study in Oregon, Washington and California found that removal of invasive barred owls arrested the population decline of the northern spotted owl, a native species threatened by invading barred owls and the loss of old-forest habitats.
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Farm consolidation has negative effect on wild pollinators
In a recent article in the journal Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, a group of researchers analysed how farmland consolidation influences wild pollinator communities. They discovered that consolidation, while trying to optimise the productivity and output of the land, reduces the diversity of pollinators by 30%.
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No IgA leads to intestinal inflammation in mice
Researchers from Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) have found that immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency leads to disruption of the ileal gut microbiota and increased inflammation in the ileum in mice. This suggests that IgA plays an important role in mucosal homeostasis by regulating the intestinal microbiota and protecting against mucosal inflammation, especially in the ileum
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Tree-ring records reveal Asian monsoon variability
Chinese researchers along with international colleagues recently reported a 6,700-year-long, precisely dated and well-calibrated tree-ring stable isotope chronology from the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau.
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Synthesis of new red phosphors with a smart material as a host material
Toyohashi University of Technology used a material with a unique periodical structure as a host material to synthesize new Mn4+-activated phosphors that exhibit red light emissions at 685 nm when excited at 493 nm. Because the valence of the Mn ions in the material changes from Mn4+ to Mn3+ according to the sintering temperature, composition, and crystal structure, there is a difference in the photoluminescence intensity of the phosphors.
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The origin of bifurcated current sheets explained
POSTECH-PAL research team expects a wide range of applications in space and fusion plasma research with the new finding.
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Untrained beer drinkers can taste different barley genotypes
When it comes to craft beer, the flavor doesn't have to be all in the hops. As a panel of amateur beer tasters at Washington State University recently demonstrated, malted barley, the number one ingredient in beer besides water, can have a range of desirable flavors too.
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Revealing the secrets of cell competition
Cellular competition is a crucial quality control process that ensures that the development of an organism relies on healthy cells. Researchers revealed the secrets underlying cell competition and what features can pre-determine whether a cell will survive or not. Defects in energy production are critical in making cells vulnerable to elimination. The study was led by researchers from Helmholtz Zentrum München and Imperial College London.
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Study identifies MET amplification as driver for some non-small cell lung cancers
A study led by CU Cancer Center member D. Ross Camidge, MD, PhD, has helped define MET amplification as an actionable driver for some non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC).
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Solar cells: Layer of three crystals produces a thousand times more power
The photovoltaic effect of ferroelectric crystals can be increased by a factor of 1,000 if three different materials are arranged periodically in a lattice. This has been revealed in a study by researchers at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU). They achieved this by creating crystalline layers of barium titanate, strontium titanate and calcium titanate which they alternately placed on top of one another. Their findings, which could significantly increase the efficiency of solar cells, were published in the journal "Science Advances".
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Renewable energies: No wind turbine disturbing the scenery
In the Alpine foothills, in low mountain ranges, or on the seacoast, expansion of wind energy use often meets popular resistance. Researchers of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and partners from Great Britain and Denmark have now studied what this means for the energy transition. In Patterns, they report that costs per kilowatt hour may rise by up to 7 cents and CO2 emissions may increase by up to 200 g. (DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2021.100301)
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New algorithm may help autonomous vehicles navigate narrow, crowded streets
Autonomous vehicle researchers at Carnegie Mellon University believe they are the first to tackle navigating a crowded, narrow street, with cars parked on both sides, and not enough space for vehicles traveling in both directions to pass each other.
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Coffee doesn't raise your risk for heart rhythm problems
In the largest study of its kind, an investigation by UC San Francisco has found no evidence that moderate coffee consumption can cause cardiac arrhythmia.
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COVID-19 news from Annals of Internal Medicine
1. Currently used SARS-CoV-2 vaccines more than 95% effective in preventing confirmed infection ; 2. Having sickle cell disease quadruples risk for COVID-19-related hospitalization and doubles risk for COVID-19-related death.
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Biodiversity, climate change and the fate of coral reefs
An international group of researchers representing thousands of coral scientists across the globe is issuing recommendations for new commitments and actions by the world's policymakers to protect and restore coral reefs.
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Mycoplasma mobile moves into overdrive: Twin motor modified from ATP synthase discovered
Using electron microscopy and high-speed atomic force microscopy, researchers show the internal molecular motor behind the gliding mechanism for Mycoplasma mobile to consist of two ATP synthase-like molecules. Sharing a similar structure with ATP synthase suggests a common evolutionary ancestor. This synthase-like ATPase is challenging the origin of cells and proteins themselves.
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