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Researchers discover how cowpea mosaic plant virus activates immune system against cancer
Cowpea mosaic virus, when injected into cancerous tumors, stimulates the immune system to attack and often eliminate the tumor. In a new study, immunology researchers in Dartmouth's and Dartmouth-Hitchcock's Norris Cotton Cancer Center, in collaboration with researchers at the University of California San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering, characterize the previously unidentified pathways through which CPMV is recognized by the immune system, opening the door for pursuit of CPMV as a new biological cancer treatment.
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Considering the potential and pitfalls of "Dr. GPT-3" in a clinic near you
Artificial intelligence natural language computer applications are becoming increasingly sophisticated, raising the possibility that they could assume a greater role in health care, including interacting with patients. But before these applications enter the clinic, their potential and pitfalls need thoughtful exploration, states a new article in NPJ Digital Medicine.
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Largest-ever pre-adolescent brain activation study reveals cognitive function maps
Youth brain activation data from the largest longitudinal neuroimaging study to date provides valuable new information on the cognitive processes and brain systems that underlie adolescent development and might contribute to mental and physical health challenges in adulthood.
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Study suggests no link between antiseizure drugs used in pregnancy and cognitive problems in babies
New findings published in JAMA Neurology suggest there is no difference in cognitive outcomes at age 2 among children of healthy women and children of women with epilepsy who took antiseizure medication during pregnancy.
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Research advances one step closer to stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes
Scientists at the Salk Institute are developing a promising approach for treating type 1 diabetes by using stem cells to create insulin-producing cells (called beta cells) that could replace nonfunctional pancreatic cells.
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Do customer loyalty programs really help sellers make money?
Customer loyalty programs have been around for decades and are used to help businesses, marketers and sellers build a sustainable relationship with their customers. But do they work? A recent study sought to find out and researchers learned that while yes, customer loyalty programs do work, perhaps not in ways most may assume.
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Papers explore massive plankton blooms with very different ecosystem impacts
Two new papers explore this question and provide examples of conditions that lead to massive plankton blooms with vastly different potential impacts on the ecosystem, according to McGillicuddy, co-author of both papers. Both papers also point to the importance of using advanced technology--including Video Plankton Recorders, autonomous underwater vehicles, and the Ocean Observatories Initiative's Coastal Pioneer Array--to find and monitor these blooms.
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Drop in convalescent plasma use at US hospitals linked to higher COVID-19 mortality rate
A new study from researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and colleagues suggests a slowdown in the use of convalescent plasma to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients led to a higher COVID-19 mortality during a critical period during this past winter's surge.
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Space travel weakens our immune systems: Now scientists may know why
Microgravity in space perturbs human physiology and is detrimental for astronaut health, a fact first realized during early Apollo missions when astronauts experienced inner ear disturbances, heart arrhythmia, low blood pressure, dehydration, and loss of calcium from their bones after their missions.
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RUDN University chemists created anti-hantavirus drugs 5 times more efficient than existing drugs
RUDN University chemists and their colleagues from Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry and The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR have obtained a new class of compounds that inhibit the replication of the deadly Hantaan virus that affects blood vessels and internal organs of humans. The resulting substances were five times more effective than existing antiviral drugs.
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Feedback on cafeteria purchases helps employees make healthier food choices
Employees who received automated, personalized feedback on their cafeteria purchases at work made healthier food choices. Although the intervention led to dietary changes, it did not prevent weight gain.
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New potential therapy for fatty liver disease
In a subset of patients with partial lipodystrophy and/or NASH, the hormone leptin can be leveraged as a therapeutic agent to move fat out of the liver.
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Study helps to deeper understanding of brain dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia
Researchers used protein mapping to show how abnormal levels of the neurotransmitter glutamate impair the functioning of neurons and oligodendrocytes. The findings could serve as a basis for more effective treatment.
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Study shows cities can consider race and income in household energy efficiency programs
A new study, led by researchers at Princeton, unpacks income and racial disparities in energy use across neighborhoods and offers a roadmap for cities to reduce both carbon emissions and energy inequality.
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Study sheds light on pre-Columbian life in understudied area of SW Amazon
A new study co-authored by University of Central Florida researchers shows that pre-Columbian people of a culturally diverse but not well-documented area of the Amazon in South America significantly altered their landscape thousands of years earlier than previously thought. The findings, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, counter the notion of a pristine Amazon during pre-Columbian times.
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Sensing what plants sense: Integrated framework helps scientists explain biology and predict crop performance
Scientists have invested great time and effort into making connections between a crop's genotype and its phenotype. But environmental conditions play a role as well. Iowa State University researchers untangle those complex interactions with the help of advanced data analytics in a newly published study.
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Infrared imaging leaves invasive pythons nowhere to hide
In the Optical Society (OSA) journal Applied Optics, researchers led by Dr. Kyle Renshaw from the University of Central Florida College of Optics and Photonics report that a near infrared camera helped people detect Burmese pythons at distances up to 1.3 times farther away than was possible using a traditional visible-wavelength camera.
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Army researchers develop innovative framework for training AI
Army researchers developed a pioneering framework that provides a baseline for the development of collaborative multi-agent systems.
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Oncotarget: Infiltration in human skin squamous-cell carcinoma
Over the last few years, oncology research is increasingly focused on the understanding of mutual interactions between cancer, stromal and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Oncotarget: The drug sensitivity of hepatocellular cancer cells
'Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer related death worldwide, with a poor median survival time after diagnosis of six months.'
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