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Over 400 common disinfectants currently in use could be made safer for people and the environment and could better fight the COVID-19 virus with the simple application of UVC light, a new study from the University of Waterloo shows.

In advance of a wildfire season projected to be among the worst, the American Thoracic Society has released a report that calls for a unified federal response to wildfires that includes investment in research on smoke exposure and forecasting, health impacts of smoke, evaluation of interventions, and a clear and coordinated communication strategy to protect public health.

A study presented at the ESMO Breast Cancer 2021 Virtual Congress has shown that breast cancer survivors differ widely in the burden of symptoms they experience after the end of treatment and thereby revealed an unmet need for tailored approaches to follow-up care.

An investigation led by the INc-UAB, carried out from the study of a drug that modifies memory of fear, shows for the first time that the neural processes and behaviours related to the formation of memory can be opposite between male and female mice. The drug reduces the ability to remember aversive events in male mice and increases this ability in female mice. The study emphasizes the need for more research that includes females.

Customised medicines could one day be manufactured to patients' individual needs, with University of East Anglia (UEA) researchers investigating technology to 3D 'print' pills.

Scientists at the Krembil Brain Institute, part of University Health Network (UHN), in collaboration with colleagues at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), have used precious and rare access to live human cortical tissue to identify functionally important features that make human neurons unique. This experimental work is among the first of its kind on live human neurons and one of the largest studies of the diversity of human cortical pyramidal cells to date.

Volunteer firefighters -- who comprise more than 65 percent of the U.S. fire service -- have higher levels of "forever chemicals," per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), in their bodies than the general public, according to a Rutgers study. It is the first study to evaluate volunteer firefighters' exposure to PFAS.

New research has shown that COVID-19 infections in healthcare workers during the first wave of the pandemic provided an accurate sample of the general population, suggesting that data from healthcare workers could be used to estimate the severity of future viruses more quickly.

The research team at National Institute of Informatics developed a technique to search automatically for simulation configurations that test various behaviors of automated driving systems. This research was conducted under ERATO-MMSD project. The proposed technique iterates trials on simulations using an optimization method called evolutionary computation so that it discovers simulation configurations that lead to specific features of driving behaviors such as high acceleration, deceleration, and steering operation. This research was presented in ICST 2021.

Study from Bocconi University shows that negative campaigning with electoral attacks on opponents backfires and, in multicandidate races, ends up having positive spillover effects on third candidates

The legacy of systemic racism in the U.S impacts psychosis risk at the individual and neighborhood level, according to a definitive review published online today. Researchers examined U.S. based evidence connecting social and environmental factors with outcomes relating to psychotic experiences, including schizophrenia. The review examined potential risk factors and influence of structural racism within three key areas. These included disparities in neighborhoods; trauma and stress experienced at both collective and individual levels; and complications experienced around pregnancy.

New research shows that planned cesarean deliveries on maternal request are safe for low-risk pregnancies and may be associated with a lower risk of adverse delivery outcomes than planned vaginal deliveries. The study is published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).

A first-of-its-kind study suggests that microscopic seawater plants, called diatoms, initially capture carbon dioxide (CO2) by biophysical, rather than biochemical, processes. Diatoms remove as much CO2 as all of the world's forests combined and it's vital to understand how this process will respond to rising CO2 levels. This study presents initial evidence about precisely which mechanisms diatoms use in natural oceanic conditions -- and how sensitive they might be to changing ocean conditions.

The chemical concept of aromaticity is inspiring new developments in the area of catalysis.

A new study indicates that the accumulation of several unfavourable environmental factors increases the risk for an extreme form of multiple drug use or "polytoxicomania". Risk factors comprise sexual and physical abuse, living in a big city, experience of migration as well as the use of cannabis and alcohol before the age of 18.

WEHI researchers have identified how natural human antibodies can block malaria parasites from entering red blood cells, potentially indicating how new protective therapies could be developed against this globally significant disease.The research provides greater insight into how antibodies block the entry of Plasmodium vivax malaria parasites into young red blood cells called reticulocytes. It builds on an earlier discovery that the P. vivax latches onto the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) to enter cells.

Bowel cancer survival rates could be improved if chemotherapy drugs were delivered via tiny nanoparticles to the diseased organs rather than oral treatment.

Green (no-take) and yellow (limited take) fishing zones within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park equally support a great diversity of fish species. The new research on yellow zones is crucial for future marine park management.

A new study, presented today at the AATS 101st Annual Meeting, found that heart transplantation using donation after cardiac death (DCD) with normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) is feasible in the United States. Broader application of DCD heart transplantation has the potential to increase cardiac allograft availability by 20-30 percent.

A new study, presented today at the AATS 101st Annual Meeting, finds that AATS Foundation fellowships support success in academic surgery career tracks. The AATS Foundation has two primary grant funding mechanisms: the AATS Foundation Scholarship and the Surgical Investigator Award. The study looked at publications, citations, NIH funding, and leadership position of awardees, among other factors.