Body
PITTSBURGH, Feb. 3, 2020 - A marker for heart disease risk considerably worsens as women transition through menopause, according to a new analysis from the largest and longest running study of women's health in midlife, the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Black women experience this accelerated decline earlier in menopause than their white counterparts.
The invention of vaccines for disease prevention is often cited as one of the miracles of modern medicine. New research from Simon Fraser University suggests that tailoring vaccines based on geography and other factors could substantially reduce overall rates of bacterial disease.
Professor Caroline Colijn, who holds a Canada 150 Research Chair in Mathematics for Evolution, Infection and Public Health, is among lead researchers on the study published today in Nature Microbiology.
CHICAGO--February 3, 2020--Shift workers are at a significantly increased risk for sleep disorders and metabolic syndrome, which increases a person's risk for heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Individuals, employers and physicians can all take steps to mitigate these risks, according to a clinical review in The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.
Researchers say night-shift workers are especially prone to developing sleep disorders and metabolic syndrome. The risks increase even more for those who work irregular or rotating shifts.
IDIBELL researchers discover that a molecule of blood is effective against autoimmune kidney disease
Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that can damage any part of the body. When it causes inflammation in the kidneys (called lupus nephritis), they cannot properly remove waste from the blood or control body fluids. Without treatment, nephritis can lead to scarring and permanent damage of the kidneys, and possible final renal failure. In this case, patients need to undergo dialysis and possibly a kidney transplant. Currently, lupus nephritis patients are treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressors, which are unsatisfactory and have side effects.
What The Study Did: Naloxone is a medication used to reverse an opioid overdose, and this study looked at how an Ohio law that allowed pharmacists to dispense naloxone without a prescription was associated with dispensing rates.
To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/
Authors: Pamela C. Heaton, Ph.D., of the University of Cincinnati in Ohio, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.20310)
What The Study Did: National data from 895,000 adults were used to examine how state regulations regarding electronic cigarettes were associated with their use among U.S. adults.
Authors: Wei Bao, Ph.D., of the University of Iowa College of Public Health in Iowa City, is the corresponding author.
To access the embargoed study: Visit our For The Media website at this link https://media.jamanetwork.com/
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.20255)
Washington (Jan. 31, 2020) - Even though mortality from congenital heart disease (CHD) has declined over the last three decades as diagnosis and treatments have advanced, the chances for a child to survive a CHD diagnosis significantly differs based on the country where he or she is born.
Antiretroviral drugs are the gold standard for the treatment of HIV infection. They are highly effective in suppressing replication of the virus but require lifelong daily application and can be associated with side effects. Due to the high mutability of HIV and its capacity for rapid adaptation, combinations of antiretroviral agents are required to prevent the development of drug re-sistance and treatment failure.
Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting HIV
ANN ARBOR--With no way to reliably tell whether an athlete has a concussion, many may be playing with an undiagnosed injury. Likewise, 2 million people die every year because we don't have an early warning when brain cells are dying--and another 4 million experience cognitive disabilities.
Intratumoral injection of SD-101 induces significant anti-tumor immunity in preclinical and clinical studies, especially when combined with PD-1 blockade.
Adults living with HIV in Washington, D.C., were more likely to feel higher levels of emotional and physical well-being if they attended religious services regularly, prayed daily, felt "God's presence," and self-identified as religious or spiritual, according to research published online Jan. 29, 2020, in Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. By contrast, patients living with HIV who had the lowest levels of quality of life and more mental health challenges were privately religious, potentially eschewing organized religion due to fears about being stigmatized or ostracized.
All type 2 diabetes patient subgroups are likely to achieve cardiovascular protection from the use of SGLT2 inhibitors, according to a large multi-study review published in the Journal of the American Heart Association.
Lead author and Senior Research Fellow at the George Institute for Global Health Dr Clare Arnott said that while previous studies of SGLT2 inhibition in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have shown cardiovascular benefits, it was primarily in those with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) or renal disease.
FINDINGS
A study by researchers at the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center suggests that using an immunotherapy drug called NKTR-214, also known as bempegaldesleukin, in combination with an infusion of anti-tumor immune cells, or T cells, may produce a stronger immune response that could help fight advanced melanoma.
STONY BROOK, NY, January 29, 2020 - A new study led by Stony Brook University Cancer Center researchers to be published in Nature Communications suggests that the choice of anesthesia may change the metastatic process of breast cancer by affecting the cytokine and microenvironment.
Jun Lin, MD, PhD, of the Department of Anesthesiology in the Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, and colleagues found that sevoflurane anesthesia leads to more metastatic burden in the lung after breast tumor resecting surgery than propofol in laboratory models.
Babies born with low birth weights are more likely to have poor cardiorespiratory fitness later in life than their normal-weight peers. That is according to a study by researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden published in the journal JAHA. The findings underscore the importance of prevention strategies to reduce low birth weights even among those carried to at term delivery.