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Nerve cells of the vagus nerve fulfil opposing tasks

Autistic people's ability to accurately identify facial expressions is affected by the speed at which the expression is produced and its intensity, according to new research at the University of Birmingham.

The Molecular Modelling lab at IRB Barcelona describes the impact of DNA methylation, a known gene regulation mechanism, on the 3D structure of the genome and on gene expression.Published in Nature Communications, the work highlights the connections between epigenetic changes, chromatin structure and gene regulation and may have implications for the study of cancer and ageing, among others.

Ancient horse genomes reveal the timing and extent of dispersals across the Bering Land Bridge.

Good acoustics in the workspace improve work efficiency and productivity, which is one of the reasons why acoustic materials matter. The acoustic insulation market is already expected to hit 15 billion USD by 2022 as construction firms and industry pay more attention to sound environments. Researchers at Aalto University, in collaboration with Finnish acoustics company Lumir, have now studied how these common elements around us could become more eco-friendly, with the help of cellulose fibres.

Researchers at Linköping University in Sweden have developed an app to help women achieve a healthy weight gain and lifestyle during a pregnancy. The results from an evaluation of the app have now been published in two scientific articles. Using the app contributed to a better diet. Pregnant women with overweight or obesity who received the app also gained less weight during pregnancy.

Eating at least two serves of fruit daily has been linked with 36% lower odds of developing type 2 diabetes, a new Edith Cowan University study has found. The study, published today in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, revealed that people who ate at least two serves of fruit per day had higher measures of insulin sensitivity than those who ate less than half a serve.

This research investigated the information-theoretic complexity of fungal electrical activity and pave the way for additional investigation into sensorial fusion and fungi decision making

The white-tailed sea eagle is known for reacting sensitively to human disturbances. Forestry and agricultural activities are therefore restricted in the immediate vicinity of the nests. However, these seasonal protection periods are too short in the German federal States of Brandenburg (until Aug. 31) and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (until July 31), as a new scientific analysis by a team of scientists from the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (Leibniz-IZW) suggests.

Researchers at ETH Zurich and the University of Basel have developed a vaccine that protects animals from Salmonella. These bacteria often escape the effects of vaccination by genetically modifying their protective coat. The researchers have succeeded in manipulating this process to lure the bacteria into an evolutionary trap.

The cheetah is the fastest land animal, but how? Not much is understood about the dynamics underlying its characteristic "flight" and spine movement. Now, in a new study, a team of researchers from Japan propose and validate an analytical model for studying cheetah galloping by comparing its predictions with cheetah data. While improving upon the current understanding of cheetah's locomotion, their findings pave the way for designing legged robots!

Researchers at Osaka University discover a new organic reaction that selectively converts only a specific carbon-fluorine (C-F) bond in perfluorinated compounds to other functional groups. This is expected to lead to the expansion of the library of seed compounds for fluorine-containing drug discovery.

- New research published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology (JTO) suggests the method used to calculate how obesity is measured may affect whether it is considered a risk factor for lung cancer. The JTO is an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer.

In order to offer a personalised treatment that best suits the case being treated, scientists led by UNIGE had already developed a spheroidal reproduction of tumours that integrates the tumour cells, but also their microenvironment. Today, the Geneva team has succeeded in integrating two types of immune cells that come directly from the patient into the spheroidal structure, making it possible to test the various possible treatments and select the most effective.

Researchers at the University of Eastern Finland have uncovered potential mechanisms by which microRNAs (miRNA) drive atherogenesis in a cell-type-specific manner. Published in the Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology journal, the study provides novel insight into the miRNA profiles of the main cell types involved in atherosclerosis.

Scientists working with Professor Jan Rossaint and Professor Alexander Zarbock, two anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists at the University of Münster, have found how platelets interacting with white blood cells contribute to the resolution of bacterial lung inflammation in mice. The results may help in the search for therapies to specifically regulate inflammation.

Researchers from Telethon Kids Institute in Perth and Tulane University in New Orleans have developed sophisticated data modelling that could help eradicate malaria in Haiti.

Professor Tetsuo Endoh's Group at Tohoku University's Center for Innovative Integrated Electronics has announced a new magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) quad-technology that provides better endurance and reliable data retention -- over 10 years -- beyond the 1X nm generation.

A new study published in the American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine finds critical links between job loss and physical inactivity in young adults during the U.S. Great Recession of 2008-09 that can be crucial to understanding the role of adverse economic shocks on physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The findings dash hopes that antimicrobials would benefit patients with life-threatening idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The trial, however, will still benefit the battle against the deadly lung disease, the researchers say.