Researchers identify unique regulatory T cell population in human skin
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) dampen the immune response against self antigens and contribute to the prevention of autoimmunity. A skin-specific population of Tregs (mTreg) has been described in mice that has properties similar to memory T cells. In mice, some mTregs are maintained in the skin for long periods of time and suppress cutaneous autoimmunity. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Michael Rosenblum and colleagues at the University of California San Francisco analyzed the mTreg population in human skin, and found that human mTregs have unique features and localize to hair follicles. mTregs isolated from human skin did not appear to recognize the same antigens as memory T cells isolated from blood. In healthy skin, mTregs were relatively static; however, this population was greatly expanded in skin from psoriasis patients, suggesting that these cells are dysfunctional in inflamed skin.
TITLE: Memory regulatory T cells reside in human skin
AUTHOR CONTACT: Michael D. RosenblumUCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA Phone: +14153537800; E-mail: rosenblummd@derm.ucsf.edu
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/72932?key=dfa6e0f9c00d116b3ce5
Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated mutation damages DNA and alters RNA splicing
Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) is a neurological disease that has been linked to mutations in several different genes, including the gene encoding the DNA/RNA binding protein FUS. It is unclear how FUS mutations promote FALS-associated symptoms. In the issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Eric Huang and colleagues of the University of California San Francisco developed a transgenic mouse model of FUS-associated FALS. FUS-R521C mice exhibited phenotypes similar to patients, such as neurological dysfunction and pronounced DNA damage. The authors identified brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) as a target of mutant FUS. Treatment of FUS-R521C neurons with BNDF only partially restored dendrite function. Evaluation of spinal cords from FUS-R521C revealed that there were multiple defects in the transcription and splicing of genes associated with dendrite growth and function.
TITLE:ALS-associated mutation FUS-R521C causes DNA damage and RNA splicing defects
AUTHOR CONTACT: Eric Huang University of California San Francisco UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA Phone: 415-476-8525; Fax: 415-514-0878; E-mail: eric.huang2@ucsf.edu
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/72723?key=bee22d69afd746aef369
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AUTHOR CONTACT: Stefan Kaufmann Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, , DEU E-mail: kaufmann@mpiib-berlin.mpg.de
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AUTHOR CONTACT: John Harty University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA Phone: 319-335-9720; Fax: 319-335-9006; E-mail:john-harty@uiowa.edu
View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/72039?key=d0407b540a1c644da93b
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View this article at: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/72051?key=b5676b497b6cff5d0770