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Environmental DNA and RNA may be key in monitoring pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
Real-world disease and parasite monitoring is often hampered by the inability of traditional approaches to easily sample broad geographical areas and large numbers of individuals. This can result in patchy data that fall short of what researchers need to anticipate and address outbreaks. Writing in BioScience (https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/biosci/biab027), Jessica Farrell, Liam Whitmore, and David Duffy describe the promise of novel molecular techniques to overcome these shortcomings.
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Carleton's Dominque Roche investigates why researchers are wary of sharing data

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
Carleton University's Marie Curie Global Fellow Dominique Roche has co-authored a paper on the barriers researchers face to publicly sharing their data, an issue that has gained prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article, Reported Individual Costs and Benefits of Sharing Open Data among Canadian Academic Faculty in Ecology and Evolution, was published in the journal BioScience.
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Handwashing responsible for bacteria in sinks, largest non-hospital study shows

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
Handwashing is shaping communities of bacteria that live and grow in the plumbing of domestic sinks, scientists have found.
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Simple oral hygiene could help reduce COVID-19 severity - study

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
COVID-19 could pass into people's lungs from saliva with the virus moving directly from mouth to bloodstream - particularly if individuals are suffering from gum disease, according to new research.
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Simple treatment during pregnancy can protect baby from memory problems in later life

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
A new study in laboratory rats has discovered a direct link between low oxygen in the womb and impaired memory function in the adult offspring. It also finds that anti-oxidant supplements during pregnancy may protect against this.
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Significant life expectancy increase for adults living with HIV on ART in Latin America

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
Life expectancy among adults living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Latin America and the Caribbean has increased significantly since HIV testing and treatment services became more widely available, according to research published today in The Lancet HIV journal.
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Study finds dramatic gains in life expectancy for people with HIV in Latin America

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
With a focus on 30,688 people treated for HIV between 2003 and 2017 in seven Latin American countries, the study, published in The Lancet HIV, finds dramatic increases in life expectancy.
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Medical and ethical experts say 'make general anaesthesia more widely available for dying patients'

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
General anaesthesia is widely used for surgery and diagnostic interventions, to ensure the patient is completely unconscious during these procedures. However, in a paper published in Anaesthesia (a journal of the Association of Anaesthetists) ethics and anaesthesia experts from the University of Oxford say that general anaesthesia should be more widely available for patients at the end of their lives.
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Drug development platform could provide flexible, rapid and targeted antimicrobials

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have created a platform that can develop effective and highly specific peptide nucleic acid therapies for use against any bacteria within just one week. The work is detailed in Nature Communications Biology and could change the way we respond to pandemics and how we approach increasing cases of antibiotic resistance globally.
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Fast brainwave oscillations identify and localize epileptic brain

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
Professor Bin He's team at Carnegie Mellon University, in collaboration with the Mayo Clinic, has discovered that fast oscillations in scalp-recorded electroencephalography can pinpoint brain tissues responsible for epileptic seizures.
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Food allergies, changes to infant gut bacteria linked to method of childbirth, ethnicity

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
Researchers have found a causal link between caesarean section birth, low intestinal microbiota and peanut sensitivity in infants, and they report the effect is more pronounced in children of Asian descent than others, in a recently published paper in the journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.
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Blood pressure and hemorrhagic complication risk after renal transplant biopsy

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
An award-winning Scientific Electronic Exhibit to be presented at the ARRS 2021 Virtual Annual Meeting found no statistically significant threshold for increased renal transplant biopsy risk based on systolic, diastolic, or mean arterial (MAP) blood pressure alone.
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Diagnostic yield of non-contrast pituitary MRI for pediatric pathologies

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
An award-winning Scientific Electronic Exhibit to be presented at the ARRS 2021 Virtual Annual Meeting found non-contrast pituitary MRI for central precocious puberty, growth hormone deficiency, and short stature has similar diagnostic yield compared to the standard contrast-enhanced protocol.
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Large numbers of regular drug users report increased substance use during COVID-19

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
People who regularly use psychoactive substances report experiencing a variety of negative impacts since the COVID-19 pandemic began, including increased usage and fear of relapse or overdose, highlighting the need for improved supports and services, including better access to safe supply programs, according to a new CAMH survey published in the International Journal of Drug Policy.
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Helpful, engineered 'living' machines in the future?

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
Engineered, autonomous machines combined with artificial intelligence have long been a staple of science fiction, and often in the role of villain like the Cylons in the "Battlestar Galactica" reboot, creatures composed of biological and engineered materials. But what if these autonomous soft machines were ... helpful?
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Tiny chip-based device performs ultrafast modulation of X-rays

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
Researchers have developed new x-ray optics that can be used to harness extremely fast pulses in a package that is significantly smaller and lighter than conventional devices used to modulate x-rays. The new optics are based on microscopic chip-based devices known as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
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The immune link between a leaky blood-brain barrier and schizophrenia

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
Research from the the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia points to the involvement of the immune system the brain as a contributor to mental disorders such as schizophrenia.
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E-cigarette users in rural Appalachia develop more severe lung injuries

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
A new study out of West Virginia University suggests that rural e-cigarette users are older--and often get sicker--than their urban counterparts.
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Using engineering methods to track the imperceptible movements of stony corals

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
A new study led by University of Washington researchers borrowed image-analysis methods from engineering to spot the minute movements of a stony coral.
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The COVID-19 is a unique opportunity to move towards more sustainable and equitable society

Eurekalert - Apr 20 2021 - 00:04
Researchers at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, highlight how the struggles caused by the COVID-19 pandemic can guide us towards an equitable use of our shared environment and a transition towards sustainability.
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